Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores or pressure sores, are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissues that occur over bony areas of the body due to prolonged pressure. They are defined as areas of damaged skin resulting from sustained pressure, typically over prominent bones like the heels, sacrum, or hips. The primary cause of pressure ulcers is continuous pressure that reduces blood flow to the affected area, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis. This pressure can result from prolonged immobility, such as in individuals confined to a bed or wheelchair, and is often compounded by friction and shear forces. Contributing factors include poor nutritional status, moisture from incontinence, and underlying medical conditions that affect blood flow and skin integrity. Treatment for pressure ulcers involves a multifaceted approach aimed at relieving pressure, promoting healing, and preventing infection. The first step is to relieve pressure from the affected area by frequently repositioning the patient and using supportive surfaces such as specialized mattresses or cushions. Wound care is essential, which involves cleaning the ulcer, removing necrotic tissue, and applying appropriate dressings to protect the wound and facilitate healing. Nutritional support is also important to promote skin health and tissue repair. In some cases, antibiotics may be necessary if an infection is present. Preventive measures include regular skin assessments, maintaining good hygiene, and addressing any contributing factors such as incontinence. For severe ulcers, surgical intervention may be required to remove damaged tissue and support healing.
