Vaginal bleeding refers to any blood flow from the vagina outside of a normal menstrual period. This can vary in amount and duration, ranging from light spotting to heavy bleeding and can occur at any age, from childhood to post-menopause. Vaginal bleeding outside of the menstrual cycle is often termed abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Common causes include hormonal imbalances, which may disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to irregular or unexpected bleeding. Structural issues, such as uterine fibroids or polyps, can also cause abnormal bleeding. Other potential causes include endometriosis, infections like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), use of contraceptives, pregnancy related complications, or more serious conditions such as cancer of the cervix, uterus, or ovaries.
Treatment for vaginal bleeding depends on its cause, severity, and the individual's overall health. Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding caused by hormonal imbalances. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce bleeding and alleviate associated pain. Infections require appropriate antibiotic or antiviral treatments, while surgical options, such as a hysterectomy or the removal of fibroids or polyps, may be necessary for more serious conditions or when conservative measures fail. For bleeding related to cancer, treatment may involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. It's important for individuals experiencing abnormal vaginal bleeding to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment, especially if the bleeding is heavy, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms like pain or fatigue.
