Strabismus, commonly known as "crossed eyes," is a condition in which the eyes do not align properly and fail to work together to focus on an object. This misalignment can cause one eye to turn inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia), while the other eye looks straight ahead. Strabismus may be constant or intermittent and can affect one or both eyes. The condition often develops in childhood but can occur at any age. It is caused by an imbalance in the muscles responsible for eye movement, nerve problems controlling those muscles, or issues within the brain that process visual information. Risk factors include family history, certain medical conditions like cerebral palsy or Down syndrome, uncorrected refractive errors, and previous eye injuries.
Treatment for strabismus aims to improve eye alignment and coordination. The approach depends on the underlying cause, severity, and the patient's age. Common treatments include prescription glasses or contact lenses, especially if refractive errors like farsightedness contribute to the condition. Patching the stronger eye, also known as occlusion therapy, encourages the weaker eye to work harder, helping to improve its function and alignment. Vision therapy exercises can also be used to strengthen eye muscles and improve coordination. In some cases, particularly when non-surgical methods are ineffective, eye muscle surgery is recommended to adjust the length or position of the eye muscles, allowing for better alignment. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as amblyopia (lazy eye) and to ensure optimal visual development. Regular follow-up with an eye care professional is essential to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.
