Ringing in the ears, also known as tinnitus, is a condition characterized by the perception of sound in the ears or head without an external source. This sound can vary in pitch and can manifest as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or whistling. Tinnitus can be intermittent or continuous and may affect one or both ears. The causes of tinnitus are varied and can include exposure to loud noises, which damages the hair cells in the inner ear, age-related hearing loss, ear infections, or earwax buildup. Other causes might include certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or antibiotics, as well as underlying health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. In some cases, tinnitus is related to more severe issues, such as a tumor on the auditory nerve (acoustic neuroma).
Treatment for tinnitus depends on its underlying cause. If it results from earwax buildup or an ear infection, removing the wax or treating the infection can alleviate symptoms. Protecting the ears from loud noises and avoiding ototoxic medications can prevent further damage. Sound therapy, using background noise or white noise machines, can help mask the ringing. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for managing the distress and anxiety often associated with tinnitus. Hearing aids may also benefit those with hearing loss-related tinnitus. In cases where tinnitus is caused by an underlying health condition, managing that condition is crucial. Persistent or bothersome tinnitus should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
