Retinal detachment is a serious ocular condition where the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, separates from its underlying supportive tissue. This separation disrupts the retina's ability to process visual information, potentially leading to permanent vision loss if not promptly treated. The condition can be caused by various factors, including trauma, retinal tears or holes, and underlying eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. In some cases, it may occur spontaneously, particularly in individuals who are nearsighted or have had previous eye surgeries. Symptoms often include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow or curtain effect over the field of vision, signaling that immediate medical attention is required. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to reattach the retina and restore its proper function. The most common surgical techniques include scleral buckle surgery, which involves placing a band around the eye to push the retina back into place, and vitrectomy, where the vitreous gel in the eye is removed and replaced with a gas or silicone oil to hold the retina in position. In some cases, laser therapy or cryopexy (freezing treatment) may be used to seal retinal tears or holes. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preserving vision, as delays can lead to more severe complications and reduced outcomes. Regular eye examinations are recommended for individuals at higher risk to ensure timely diagnosis and intervention.
