Ocular herpes, or herpes simplex keratitis, is an infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which is the same virus responsible for cold sores. This condition can affect various parts of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelids. The most common form, corneal herpes, involves the cornea-the transparent front part of the eye. Symptoms may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and the sensation of a foreign body in the eye. In severe cases, it can lead to scarring of the cornea and permanent vision loss. The primary cause of ocular herpes is HSV, which typically remains dormant in the nerve cells after the initial infection, such as a cold sore or genital herpes. The virus can reactivate later, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or during periods of stress. Reactivation can lead to recurrent episodes of eye infection. Ocular herpes is contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces, although it is less commonly spread through eye contact compared to other forms of HSV transmission.
Treatment for ocular herpes aims to control the infection and minimize damage to the eye. Antiviral medications, such as topical creams (e.g., trifluridine) or oral tablets (e.g., acyclovir), are commonly used to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. In cases of severe corneal involvement or recurrent infections, more intensive antiviral therapies or corticosteroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes with unwashed hands can help prevent the spread of the infection. Regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist is essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary to prevent complications and preserve vision.
