Nystagmus is a condition characterized by involuntary, rapid, and repetitive eye movements, which can be horizontal, vertical, or rotational. These movements can result in reduced visual acuity and difficulties with focus and balance. Nystagmus can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired). Congenital nystagmus often begins in infancy and may be associated with other visual impairments or neurological conditions. Acquired nystagmus can result from various underlying issues, including neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, or brain tumors. It can also be caused by inner ear problems affecting balance, certain medications, or alcohol intoxication.
Treatment for nystagmus depends on its underlying cause. If nystagmus is due to a specific condition, such as a neurological disorder or inner ear issue, managing the primary condition is crucial. In cases where the nystagmus affects vision or quality of life, treatments may include vision therapy to help improve eye control and reduce symptoms. Medications such as muscle relaxants or anticonvulsants might be prescribed to help control eye movements in some cases. For certain individuals, corrective lenses or prisms can be used to enhance visual acuity and reduce the impact of the eye movements. In severe cases, surgical options might be considered to adjust the eye muscles and reduce the intensity of the movements. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider or specialist is essential to determine the appropriate treatment plan and address the underlying cause of nystagmus effectively.
