Nasal discharge, also known as rhinorrhea, is the expulsion of fluid from the nasal passages. It can vary in consistency, color, and volume and is a common symptom associated with a range of conditions. Nasal discharge can be clear, cloudy, yellow, or green, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as congestion, sneezing, or a sore throat. The causes of nasal discharge are diverse and can be categorized into infectious, allergic, and non-infectious factors. Infectious causes include viral infections like the common cold or influenza, which often result in a clear or yellowish discharge. Bacterial infections, such as sinusitis, can cause thicker, greenish or yellow discharge and are often accompanied by facial pain or pressure. Allergies, such as allergic rhinitis, can lead to clear, watery nasal discharge along with sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. Non-infectious causes include environmental irritants, such as smoke or strong odors, which can trigger nasal discharge as a protective response. Other factors include nasal polyps, which are non-cancerous growths in the nasal passages that can lead to persistent discharge. Symptoms associated with nasal discharge may include nasal congestion, post-nasal drip (where mucus drains down the back of the throat), coughing, and a reduced sense of smell or taste. In cases of infection or inflammation, additional symptoms such as fever, headache, or facial pressure may be present.
Treatment for nasal discharge depends on its underlying cause. For viral infections, supportive care including hydration, rest, and over-the-counter decongestants or saline nasal sprays can help alleviate symptoms. Bacterial infections may require antibiotics if prescribed by a healthcare provider. Allergic rhinitis is often managed with antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and avoidance of known allergens. For non-infectious causes, addressing environmental irritants and using nasal irrigation can be effective. If nasal discharge persists despite these treatments, or if it is accompanied by severe symptoms, a medical evaluation is recommended to identify and address any underlying conditions.
