A mole, also known as a nevus, is a small, pigmented growth on the skin that can vary in color, shape, and size. Moles are usually brown or black and can appear anywhere on the body, either alone or in groups. They develop when melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment, grow in clusters rather than being spread evenly throughout the skin. Most moles are harmless and are considered benign growths, typically appearing during childhood and adolescence and remaining stable or fading with age. However, some moles can change in appearance or develop into melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. The causes of moles are primarily genetic and environmental. Genetics play a significant role in determining the number and type of moles an individual may have, with some people being more predisposed to developing moles. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds can also increase the number of moles and the risk of them becoming cancerous. Changes in hormone levels, such as those during puberty or pregnancy, can affect the appearance and number of moles.
Treatment for moles is generally unnecessary unless a mole is cosmetically undesirable, irritating, or shows signs of becoming cancerous. Suspicious moles that change in size, shape, color, or texture, or that bleed, itch, or become painful, should be evaluated by a dermatologist. If a mole is determined to be atypical or potentially cancerous, it can be removed through surgical excision or biopsy to prevent further complications. Regular skin examinations are important for monitoring moles and detecting any changes early.
