Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the cornea, normally round and dome-shaped, thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. This deformation distorts the vision, leading to symptoms such as blurry or distorted vision, increased sensitivity to light, and frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions. The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It often begins in the teenage years or early adulthood and can progress for 10-20 years. Some studies suggest that excessive eye rubbing, allergies, and a family history of keratoconus may increase the risk of developing the condition. Treatment for keratoconus depends on the severity and progression of the disease. In its early stages, vision correction can often be achieved with glasses or soft contact lenses. As the condition progresses, rigid gas permeable or scleral lenses may be necessary to provide better vision correction. For more advanced cases, corneal cross-linking is a treatment that can strengthen the corneal tissue and halt the progression of keratoconus. This procedure involves applying riboflavin (vitamin B2) eye drops to the cornea and then activating it with ultraviolet light. In severe cases where the cornea becomes too thin or scarred, a corneal transplant may be required to restore vision. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing keratoconus effectively and preventing significant vision loss. Regular eye examinations are crucial, especially for individuals with a family history of the condition or other risk factors.
