Joint infection, also known as septic arthritis, is a condition where an infection causes inflammation within a joint, leading to symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. The infection can affect one or more joints, causing significant discomfort and potentially impairing joint function. In severe cases, joint infections can lead to joint damage and long-term disability if not promptly treated. The causes of joint infections are typically bacterial, with common pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. Infections can occur due to bacteria entering the joint through a break in the skin, such as a cut or surgical wound, or via the bloodstream from other areas of infection in the body. Joint infections can also result from direct spread of infection from nearby tissues or from conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout, which may increase susceptibility to secondary infections. Risk factors include a compromised immune system, diabetes, intravenous drug use, or recent joint surgery or trauma.
Treatment for joint infections generally involves a combination of antibiotics and joint care. The choice of antibiotics depends on the specific bacteria causing the infection and is typically administered intravenously in severe cases. Aspiration of the joint, where a needle is used to remove infected fluid and relieve pressure, may also be performed. Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications can help alleviate symptoms. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required to clean the joint and remove infected tissue. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing joint damage and ensuring effective recovery.
