Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eyeball and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, or irritants. Viral conjunctivitis, often linked to the common cold, is highly contagious and typically spreads through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated surfaces. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious and can result from exposure to infected hands or objects, often characterized by a thick, yellow-green discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs in response to allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites and is not contagious. It usually presents with redness, itching, and tearing in both eyes. Irritant conjunctivitis can result from exposure to chemicals, smoke, or foreign bodies. Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a week or two, with supportive care such as artificial tears and cold compresses providing relief. Bacterial conjunctivitis is typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments to shorten the infection's duration and reduce symptoms. For allergic conjunctivitis, antihistamines or anti-inflammatory eye drops can help alleviate symptoms, while avoiding known allergens is also crucial. Preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding sharing personal items like towels or eye makeup, and staying away from potential irritants. In persistent or severe cases, seeking medical advice is important to ensure appropriate management and to prevent complications.
