Choking occurs when an object or substance obstructs the airway, preventing air from reaching the lungs and causing a potential life-threatening emergency. This blockage can lead to difficulty breathing, coughing, or a complete inability to breathe. Common causes of choking include ingesting food or small objects that become lodged in the throat or windpipe, which can restrict airflow. Choking can also result from inhaling a foreign object or experiencing a severe allergic reaction that causes swelling in the airway. The severity of choking varies; it can range from mild discomfort, where the person can cough and breathe, to a complete blockage, where no air can pass through and the person may lose consciousness. Immediate intervention is crucial to prevent serious outcomes, including brain damage or death.
Treatment for choking depends on the severity of the obstruction. For a mild blockage where the person is still able to cough and breathe, encouraging them to cough forcefully may help dislodge the object. If choking is severe and the person cannot breathe or cough, performing abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) can be effective. This involves applying pressure to the abdomen to force air from the lungs and expel the obstruction. If the person becomes unconscious, calling emergency services and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential. For infants, a different technique involving back slaps and chest thrusts is recommended. Prevention strategies include cutting food into small pieces, avoiding talking or laughing while eating, and keeping small objects away from young children.
