Bruises, also known as contusions, are areas of skin discoloration that occur when small blood vessels under the skin are damaged due to impact or trauma. This injury causes blood to leak into the surrounding tissue, leading to visible marks that can range in color from red or purple to blue and green as the bruise heals. Initially, a bruise may appear red or purple due to the fresh blood under the skin. As the bruise progresses, it changes color to blue, green, or yellow as the body breaks down and absorbs the blood. This process typically takes about two to three weeks, although the exact duration can vary depending on the severity of the bruise and the individual's healing response. The most common causes of bruises include direct trauma or impact, such as a bump or fall, or repetitive strain from activities that put pressure on the skin. Bruises can also occur from more severe injuries, such as accidents or sports-related impacts. In some cases, bruising may be a result of underlying medical conditions, such as blood disorders (e.g., hemophilia or platelet disorders) or the use of medications like anticoagulants that affect blood clotting and increase the risk of bruising.
Treatment for bruises primarily focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the body's natural healing process. Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce swelling and numb the pain, particularly within the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury. Keeping the bruised area elevated can also minimize swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can alleviate discomfort. It's important to avoid activities that might exacerbate the injury. In most cases, bruises heal on their own with time. However, if a bruise is unusually large, painful, or associated with other symptoms like excessive bleeding or joint pain, medical evaluation is necessary to rule out more serious underlying conditions.
