A Bartholin's cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in one of the Bartholin's glands, which are located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands produce mucus that helps lubricate the vagina. When the duct of a Bartholin's gland becomes blocked, fluid accumulates, leading to the formation of a cyst. This condition can be asymptomatic or cause discomfort if the cyst grows larger. Symptoms may include a noticeable lump near the vaginal opening, pain during intercourse, or difficulty sitting. In some cases, the cyst can become infected, resulting in a Bartholin's gland abscess, which is characterized by increased pain, swelling, redness, and fever. The primary cause of a Bartholin's cyst is the obstruction of the gland's duct, often due to inflammation or infection. Factors that may contribute to this blockage include sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, or non-infectious causes like trauma or inflammation.
Treatment for a Bartholin's cyst depends on the size of the cyst and the presence of symptoms. For asymptomatic cysts, regular monitoring and good hygiene may be sufficient. If the cyst becomes painful or infected, a healthcare provider may recommend warm sitz baths to help reduce discomfort and promote drainage. In cases of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. If the cyst causes significant symptoms or recurrent problems, surgical intervention might be necessary. Procedures such as cyst excision or placement of a Word catheter can help drain the cyst and prevent future blockages. Maintaining regular gynecological check-ups and practicing safe sexual health can help manage and prevent Bartholin's cysts.
